Epic Records

Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953, but later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of genres, including pop, R&B, rock, and hip hop. Epic Records has released music by major artists including Bobby Vinton, Glenn Miller, Tammy Wynette, George Michael, The Yardbirds, Donovan, Shakin Stevens, Europe, Cheap Trick, Meat Loaf, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ted Nugent, Shakira, Sly & the Family Stone, The Hollies, Celine Dion, ABBA, Culture Club, Boston, The Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Rage Against the Machine, Ginuwine, Jennifer Lopez and Michael Jackson.[1] Along with Arista, Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment's four flagship record labels.

Artists who have signed to Epic Records include Mudvayne, Fuel, Fiona Apple, Sara Bareilles, Mariah Carey, Future, Fifth Harmony, Zara Larsson, Jennifer Hudson, Keyshia Cole, Franz Ferdinand, Revis, Outkast, Bella Thorne, Ozzy Osbourne, Judas Priest, Cheyenne Kimball, Busta Rhymes, Verbow, Rick Ross, 21 Savage, Bernard Butler, Travis Scott, DJ Khaled, Silverchair, French Montana, Ultraspank, Meghan Trainor, Camila Cabello, Wrabel, Swizz Beatz, Pearl Jam, The Black Eyed Peas and Louis Tomlinson.[2]

Beginnings
Epic Records was launched in 1953 by the Columbia Records unit of CBS for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe.[3] Pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label.[4] Epic's bright-yellow, black, and blue logo became a familiar trademark for many jazz and classical releases. This has included such notables as the Berlin Philharmonic, Charles Rosen, the Juilliard String Quartet, Antal Doráti conducting the Hague Philharmonic and George Szell conducting the Cleveland Orchestra.

Expansion of genres and mainstream success
By 1960, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Several of the British artists on the Epic roster during the 1960s were the result of CBS's Epic/Okeh units' international distribution deal with EMI; Epic recordings were issued by EMI on the Columbia label.

Epic was involved in a notable "trade" of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies. When the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegun worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furay's new band Poco (having signed with Atlantic due to Furay's contract from being in Buffalo Springfield) would sign with Epic.[5]

Epic's commercial success continued to grow in the 1970s with releases from ABBA (in the UK), Boston, Cheap Trick, The Clash, Charlie Daniels, Gabriel, Heart, Heatwave, The Isley Brothers, The Jacksons, George Jones, Labelle, Meat Loaf, Johnny Nash, Ted Nugent, REO Speedwagon, Minnie Riperton, Pegasus, Charlie Rich, Sly & the Family Stone, Steve Vai, and Edgar Winter. Also contributing to the label's success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records, which produced additional hit records by acts such as The Three Degrees and McFadden and Whitehead.[6]

Corporate structure
During the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records and Date Records. In 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year;[7] Epic itself launched in England around 1971.[8]

Sony Corporation bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. It began splitting European operations into two separate labels, Epic and Columbia, in 1992, and in 1997, Sony Music Australia and New Zealand followed suit.[9]

In 2004, Sony merged with music distributor BMG, bringing Arista Records, Columbia Records, Epic Records, J Records, Jive Records, RCA Records, and Zomba Group of Companies to one parent company known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment.[10] In 2008, Sony bought out BMG for $1.2 billion, bringing all affiliated labels together as Sony Music Entertainment International, SMEI. The merger was approved by the European Union in 2009.[11]

1980s–2010 & present
Epic's 1980s and 1990s mainstream success were fueled by its signing and releasing of albums by notable acts such as Michael Jackson, Culture Club, the Miami Sound Machine and Gloria Estefan, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham! Wham!] and George Michael, Adam Ant, Living Colour, Incubus, Dead or Alive, Europe, Cyndi Lauper, Ozzy Osbourne, Korn, Pearl Jam, Sade, Luther Vandross, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Rage Against the Machine, Céline Dion, Ginuwine, and Oasis among others. Michael Jackson's "Thriller " was the best-selling album of all time. Another one of the label's greatest financial payoffs came via George Michael's debut solo album “Faith” which is estimated to have sold 30 million copies worldwide. “Faith” also received many awards including the Grammy for album of the year as-well as 3 American music awards.

Epic Soundtrax was founded in 1992. It was central to Epic's 1990s success, with 11 releases cumulatively selling more than 40 million records over a three-year period. Notable releases included soundtrack albums for Honeymoon in Vegas, Singles, Sleepless in Seattle, Forrest Gump, Philadelphia, and Judgement Night.[12] [13]

in 1999, Jennifer Lopez released her debut album, On the 6, as part of WORK Group which was a critical and commercial success going on to sell over 8 million copies worldwide [14]. Lopez's sophomore album J.Lo, experienced similar success in which over 8 million copies were sold worldwide in 2001, gaining multi-platinum status under Epic Records [15]. With this album, Lopez became the first female solo artist under the record company to reach the number one spot on the Billboard 200[16]. The 2002 remix album [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_to_tha_L%E2%80%93O!_The_Remixes ''J TO THA L-O! The Remixes], which served as a follow up to Lopez's sophomore effort, was the first remix album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, and became the fourth best selling remix album of all time, behind Michael Jackson (fellow Epic Records artist), Madonna and The Beatles''<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference">[17]. What's more is, in the second week at number one for the remix album, Lopez's remix single Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix), was also number one, making Lopez the only artist in history to have a number one remix album and single in the same week<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference">[18]. Lopez's third studio album, released in late 2002 which was also a success, This is me... Then, sold 6 million copies worldwide and peaked at the second spot of the Billboard 200<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference">[19] .. Lopez's first full-length Spanish debut, Como Ama Una Mujer, became the first Spanish-language debut album to enter the top 10 of the Billboard 200<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference">[20], and has sold 1 million copies worldwide. This was Lopez's final studio album under Epic Records before her move to Island Def Jam and Capitol, until she released her first greatest hits compilation, Dance Again... The Hits, gaining critical success<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference">[21].

2011–present
In July 2011, L.A. Reid became the CEO of Epic Records, signing artists such as TLC, Toni Braxton, Cher Lloyd, Avril Lavigne, Outkast, Future, Yo Gotti, Ciara, Meghan Trainor, DJ Khaled and Travis Scott.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference">[22] <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference">[23] Epic also signed the winners of The X Factor during the seasons that Reid appeared on the show.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference">[24]

In 2013, Sylvia Rhone, former president of Universal Motown, launched the imprint Vested In Culture through Epic Records. A year later, she was named president of the label.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference">[25] <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference">[26] <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference">[27]

In November 2014, Mosley Music Group created a joint venture with Sony Music, with marketing, publicity, distribution and overall label services provided by Epic. The joint venture was created due to Timbaland's previous collaboration with L.A. Reid on Michael Jackson's posthumous album, Xscape. Previously operated by Interscope, most of MMG's roster moved to Epic.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference">[28]

In 2015, Mariah Carey left her former label Def Jam Recordings to reunite with Reid at Epic. He had worked with Carey at Def Jam under The Island Def Jam Music Group in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference">[29] <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference">[30] That same month, it was announced that R&B group Jodeci had signed to the label and planned to release their first studio album in 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference">[31] <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference">[32]

Wondaland Records, singer Janelle Monáe's imprint, entered into a joint venture with Epic in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference">[33] Acts on Wondaland include Jidenna, St. Beauty, Deep Cotton and Roman GianArthur.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference">[34]

In 2016, Jennifer Lopez returned to Sony Music, six years after leaving in favor of Island Def Jam and Capitol Records. Lopez's multi-album deal reunited her with Reid, whom she signed with at Island Def Jam in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference">[35]

In January 2017, 21 Savage signed to Epic .<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference">[36] On May 11, 2017, it was announced that Reid would exit as the label's CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference">[37] Following his exit, it was reported that Reid had been accused of sexual harassment by multiple Epic employees.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference">[38] <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference">[39]

On April 23, 2019, it was announced that Rhone had been appointed as Chair and CEO of the label.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference">[40]

Formerly affiliated labels

 * 550 Music (1993–2000)
 * Blue Sky (1974–1982)
 * Caribou Records (1976–1985)
 * Cold Chillin' Records (1993–1998)
 * Date Records (1960s)
 * Duble Kick Entertainment (2010–present)
 * Epic Records Nashville (? – May 2006)
 * Epic Soundtrax (1992–1997)
 * Epic Street (1993–1998)
 * Cleveland International Records (1976–1983)
 * CTI Records (1980)
 * Tuff City Records (1983–1984)
 * Hidden Beach Records (1998–2007)
 * Glacial Pace (mid–1990s)
 * Invictus Records (1973–1976)
 * Jet Records (1978–1983)
 * Kirshner Records (1974–1983)
 * MJJ Music (1988–2001)
 * MLD Entertainment (2010–present)
 * Nemperor Records (1977–1990)
 * Ode Records (1967–1969, 1976–1979)
 * OKeh Records (1965–1970, 1994–2000)
 * Pasha Records (1979–1990)
 * Philadelphia International Records (1971–1984)
 * Portrait Records (1976–1992)
 * Ruthless Records (1990, 1999–2009)
 * Scotti Brothers (1979–1988)
 * SOLAR Records (1989–1993)
 * Stone Music Entertainment (1994–present)
 * T-Neck Records (1972–1984)
 * Tabu Records (1978–1991)
 * The WORK Group (1994–1999)
 * Virgin Records (1976–1978, 1982–1986)

Artists
Main article: List of Epic Records artists

Logos
Unlike sister label Columbia, Epic went through five different logos since its launch. Some logos were temporarily revived for period reissues. The years shown below list the time served as the label's primary logo.
 * Classic radial sound sunburst logo, 1953–1973, 1998–2005
 * Big "E" logo, 1973–1978
 * Script logo, late 1978–1991, 2005–2011, 2015–present
 * Stacked-record logo, 1991–1998
 * Red print logo, 2011–2015